Laparoscopy for Ovarian Cystectomy

What is a laparoscopy?
A laparoscopy is a procedure in which your health care provider uses a laparoscope to treat a problem with organs or tissue inside your abdomen. A laparoscope is a thin tube with a light and tiny camera.

When is it used?
This operation may be done to remove a cyst on or in one of your ovaries. The ovaries are the organs that make and store eggs.
Examples of alternatives are:
having the cyst drained with a needle (in some cases)
having more extensive abdominal surgery
choosing not to have treatment.
Ask your health care provider about these choices.

How do I prepare for a laparoscopy?
Plan for your care and recovery after the operation. Allow for time to rest. Try to find other people to help you with your day-to-day duties.
Follow your health care provider's instructions about not smoking before and after the procedure. Smokers heal more slowly after surgery. They are also more likely to have breathing problems during surgery. For this reason, if you are a smoker, you should quit at least 2 weeks before the procedure. It is best to quit 6 to 8 weeks before surgery. Also, your wounds will heal much better if you do not smoke after the surgery.
Follow any other instructions your provider gives you. If you are to have general anesthesia, eat a light meal, such as soup or salad, the night before the procedure. Do not eat or drink anything after midnight and the morning before the procedure. Do not even drink coffee, tea, or water.

What happens during the procedure?
You are given either a local anesthetic and sedative or a general anesthetic to prevent pain.
Your abdominal cavity is inflated with carbon dioxide gas. This helps your health care provider see your organs. Your provider makes a small cut in or just below your bellybutton, puts the laparoscope through this cut, and puts another tool through a second small cut in your lower abdomen. Your provider uses the laparoscope to look at both ovaries and then to guide the other tool to the ovary that has the cyst. Your provider removes the cyst from your ovary by using a laser, electric current, clips, or scissors. The cyst may be large or connected to so much of the ovary that the whole ovary may have to be removed. Your provider also looks at the rest of the pelvic and abdominal cavity for any other problems.
When finished, your provider releases most of the gas through the tube of the laparoscope, removes the scope and any other tools, and sews up the cuts.

What happens after the procedure?
You may stay in the hospital several hours or overnight to recover. The anesthetic may cause sleepiness or grogginess for a while. You may have some shoulder pain, feel bloated, or have a change in bowel habits for a few days. You may not be able to urinate right away and may have a catheter (a small tube) placed into your bladder through the urethra (the tube from the bladder to the outside).
You should avoid heavy activity such as lifting. Ask your health care provider how much you can lift, what other steps you should take, and when you should come back for a checkup.

What are the benefits of this procedure?
The cysts can be removed without more extensive abdominal surgery. Abdominal surgery would involve a larger incision, longer hospital stay and recovery time, and greater discomfort and expense. You are also less likely to develop a type of scar tissue called adhesions in the abdomen or pelvis.

What are the risks associated with this procedure?
There are some risks when you have general anesthesia. Discuss these risks with your provider.
Abdominal organs, glands, or blood vessels may be damaged. You may need abdominal surgery to repair them at the time of the laparoscopy.
The lining of the abdominal wall may become inflamed.
A blood clot may break off, enter the bloodstream, and clog an artery in the lung, pelvis, or legs. Rarely, a clot may break off and clog an artery in the heart or brain, causing a heart attack or stroke.
You may become unable to get pregnant if both ovaries are damaged.
You may develop an infection or bleeding.
You may have some pain after the procedure.
Ask your health care provider how these risks apply to you.

When should I call my health care provider?
Call your provider right away if:
You develop a fever over 100°F (37.8°C).
You have redness, swelling, pain, or drainage from the incisions.
You become dizzy and faint.
You have chest pain.
You have nausea and vomiting.
You become short of breath.
You have abdominal pain or swelling that gets worse.